Introduction to the earthquake phenomenon. Response of structures to seismic actions depending on the type of earthquake and the form of the structure. Principles for the design of the load-bearing structure of reinforced concrete buildings for reliable behaviour in a possible earthquake and uniform damping of the introduced seismic energy. Configuration in plan and in terms of height to avoid abnormal arrangements, soft floor, planted columns, short columns, abrupt change in stiffness in plan and in height, diaphragm function of slabs, seismic joint.

Modern and traditional constructions, made of load-bearing masonry. Presentation of typical masonry structures. Materials and method of construction of vertical and horizontal load-bearing elements. Actions and understanding of the path of forces. Mechanical characteristics of the main types of masonry. Mechanical behaviour of structural members under various loads and estimation of their resistances. Basic principles of design of new structures, especially under seismic actions. Construction requirements and moulding details of the load-bearing elements and connections.