Architecture and the arts in Western Europe from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 to before the French Revolution in 1789. De-urbanization and retreat of the monumental arts. Carolide and Othonian architecture and arts. Romanesque rhythm. Gothic rhythm. Pre-Renaissance, the new constitution of the Italian city-state and monumental architecture. Giotto’s innovations in painting. Italian Renaissance: new spatial, compositional and morphological concepts. The study of antiquity and the flourishing of architecture and the visual arts in Florence, Rome and Venice. New social structures and the transformation of the urban fabric. Urban mansions and villas. Ecclesiastical and secular power, guilds and the rise of the bourgeoisie, their role in architectural and artistic creation. The scholar artist and architect and the writing of treatises. The spread of the Renaissance north of the Alps. Reform and Counter-Reform. Mannerism and Baroque. The new image of temple architecture and the major urban interventions: axes, squares, palaces and urban mansions. Painting and sculpture in Catholic and Protestant Europe. Urban regimes and absolute monarchy.